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Линеаменты как отражение структурного каркаса литосферы (Линеаменты — разломы или фантомы?)

Тверитинова Т.Ю.

Линеаменты как отражение структурного каркаса литосферы (Линеаменты — разломы или фантомы?)

Тверитинова Татьяна Юрьевна, кандидат геолого-минералогических наук, доцент, Геологический ифакультет МГУ имени М.В.?Ломоносова, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории прикладной сейсмологии и вулканологии Института физики Земли им. О.Ю.?Шмидта РАН

E-mail: tvertat@yandex.ru

В статье рассматриваются вопросы методики дешифрирования линеаментов. Обсуждаются представления о возможной природе линеаментов как объектов, отражающих современное напряженное состояние литосферы, ее делимость и межблоковые структурно-координационные связи. Приведены примеры региональных авторских схем дешифрирования линеаментов — Центрального Кавказа, Эльбруса, Западной и Восточной Сибири.

Ключевые слова: линеамент, линеаменты-фантомы, структурный каркас литосферы, делимость литосферы, напряженное состояние литосферы, зоны концентрации деформаций, методика дешифрования линеаментов, межблоковые структурно-координационные связи.

Tveritinova, T. Yu. Lineaments as a Reflection of the Lithosphere's Structural Carcass. (Are Lineaments the Faults or Phantoms?)

Tatiana Yu. Тveritinova, Sc.D. (Geology and Mineralogy), Associate Professor, Leading Researcher, Geological faculty of Lomonosov Moscow State University, RAS O.?Shmidt Institute of Physics of Earth (Laboratory of Applied Seismology and Volcanology)

E-mail: tvertat@yandex.ru

Lineaments reflect the lithosphere’s essential properties. Geologic lineament mapping is highly important to exploration and mining operations, to solve seismological and engineering problems. That’s why the study of lineaments is now becoming increasingly important. For the same reason, we need an appropriate methodology allowing us to understand the complex spatial and temporal relationships of geological bodies to solve the problem of lineaments nature.

The subjects of my study are lineaments as components of lithosphere structure. As a research method I use various ways of lineament visual interpretation on the basis of dissimilar geological and geophysical data for different regions (Central Caucasus, Elbrus region, and Siberia). I pay attention to 1) intensity of lineaments in relief and landscape features, in geological structure and geophysical fields; 2) kinematic characteristics of lineaments and structures that correspond to lineaments: 3) regularities of differently oriented lineaments’ combinations; 4) fractal-wave properties of lineament network.

Among the lineaments I highlight not only 'lineaments of contacts' (contacts of system's bodies) and 'lineaments of faults' (faults or zones of strain concentration). I also distinguish 'lineaments-phantoms', i.e. lineaments as imaginary coordinate lines of great length. Such lineaments often extend beyond the system and reflect general geometric orderliness (structural organization) of geological environment. ‘Lineaments-phantoms’ include fragments of real boundaries of geological objects (contacts or faults of various types), but these lineaments are often traced intuitively. In reality, they may not exist. Each researcher sees them in his own way, as far as he understands the nature of the object being studied.

Results of lineaments interpretation compared with regional geological and tectonic structure allow me to draw conclusions concerning the possible nature of lineaments. These results also allow me to consider lineaments as objects reflecting the present state of lithosphere’s stress, its divisibility and interblock structural and coordinative bonds.

Keywords: lineament, 'lineaments-phantoms', lithospheres structural carcass, divisibility of lithosphere, lithosphere stress state, the zones of strain concentration, methods of lineaments decryption, interblock structural and coordinative bonds.